Part of Pure Linguistics - Syntax

Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb

Hai hai ketemu lagi dengan Siti. Baiklah kali ini Siti akan nge-post masih berkaitan dengan cabang daripada Linguistics yaitu Syntax. Sebelum itu siti ada video nih buat readers, bisa di klik di sini !

Nah, bagaimana menurut readers setelah menonton video tsb? apakah jelas pembahasan tentang syntax nya atau tidak?? kalau begitu Siti akan menambahkan sedikit penjelasan tentang syntax yang referensinya dari e-book... ceck it out !

 

Syntax: how words are grouped and ordered within sentences, clauses, and phrases. For instance, English places adjectives before nouns (e.g. beautiful house) rather than after them (*house beautiful ), a feature of English syntax that distinguishes Germanic languages from Italic languages, which generally favor the placement of adjectives after the nouns that they modify (e.g. Italian casa bella ‘house beautiful’).

This chapter marks a major transition in the book. It moves the discussion from a focus on principles of pragmatics to a description of rules of grammar. In other words, instead of describing why particular structures are used in specific contexts, the discussion will focus more explicitly on how particular constructions are formed. At the center of any discussion of syntax is the notion of constituency: the idea that syntactic units are not simply arbitrarily grouped and ordered but form identifiable units. Traditionally, syntacticians have identified four different levels of structure at which constituents can occur:

Sentences à Clauses à Phrases à Words à Largest Smallest

The largest constituent is the sentence; the smallest is the word. Between these two extremes are clauses and phrases, though as will be demonstrated later, sometimes sentences and clauses are identical: a declarative sentence, for instance, may consist of one main clause. There are two different types of constituents: immediate constituents and ultimate constituents. Exactly which elements constitute immediate constituents depends upon what level of structure (sentence, clause, phrase) is being considered. To illustrate this point, consider the sentence below:

Robbin Mayfield and his graffiti-removal crew drive an old Wonderbread truk

(ICE-USA W2C-002)

The kinds of criteria applied above to identify adjectives and subject complements can be applied to all forms and functions in English. Such an analysis reveals that constituents have forms at all four levels of structure:

Word Classes           : noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, etc.

Phrases                    : noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase, prepositional phrase

Clauses                     : main, dependent

Sentences                 : declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory

While all types of phrases, clauses, and sentences are given in the list above, only a sampling of word classes is given, since additional classes exist in English (e.g. articles, pronouns, conjunctions). Thus, the functions below are often referred to as clause functions:

Subject

Predicator

Complement (subject and object)

Object (direct and indirect)

Adverbial

Since constituent forms and functions are key components of syntax, the next two sections provide an overview of some of the important form classes in English and the particular clause functions that these particular forms can have.

Baiklah readers, sekian dulu pembahasan tentang Syntax, jadi Syntax itu membahas tentang bagaimana kata dikombinasikan menjadi sebuah phrasa dan phrasa menjadi kalimat..

References:
Youtube.com 

Introducing_English_Linguistics_Charles F. Mayer

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